You can’t. At least, not in the app Microsoft gave you.
Windows Desktop
Install the OneMore extension, and then you can crop. It’s right there on the context menu (right click:)




It will show the window above. This is how you crop a picture in OneNote : using an extension. Make your crop then press OK.


Voila. It will do it once then discard the original though, unlike other Office apps where you can readjust your cropping.
Other platforms
OK.. that’s for the Onenote application, what about the “for Windows 10” app?
In Windows, just use the snipping tool or win+shift+s (keep pressing win, then shift, then S). It will let you select an area for screen-cropping
Mobile Platforms
Okay. What about other platforms? iOS, Android?
You better crop it before inserting to Onenote. Or just screenshot, crop, and reinsert!
I also mentioned Onemore in How to Create Table of Contents with Onemore
Hope this helps!
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